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Women on Parole: Understanding the Impact of Surveillance

The main purpose of parole is to monitor women rather than assist them with successfully reentering back into society. This article uses interviews with 43 women on parole to discuss how many women experience strong fear and anxiety as a result of this emphasis on surveillance, while some experience a deep dependence on it. Neither of these experiences, the author argues, support the women's goals of independence and autonomy.


Opsal, T. D. (2009). Women on Parole: Understanding the Impact of Surveillance. Women and Criminal Justice, 19(4), 306–328. https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/wwcj19&i=306

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The Afterlives of Conviction Project documents the human impact of criminal conviction and joins efforts to challenge the discriminatory use of criminal records.

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