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Locked Out of the Labor Market? State-Level Hidden Sentences and the Labor Market Outcomes...

States with more and harsher collateral consequences are more likely to negatively impact employment outcomes for people with criminal records. Drawing from a national dataset of repeated interviews with a cohort of people since 1997, this study analyzes the impact of what the authors call 'hidden sentences' on employment and income. The study also found this negative impact is more pronounced among Black and Latino men than among white men.


Warner, C., Kaiser, J., & Houle, J. N. (2020). Locked Out of the Labor Market? State-Level Hidden Sentences and the Labor Market Outcomes of Recently Incarcerated Young Adults. RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, 6(1), 132–151. JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.7758/rsf.2020.6.1.06

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