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Barriers to Reintegration: An Audit Study of the Impact of Race and Offender Status on Employment...

Updated: Sep 2

Criminal records may not create as much of a disadvantage in employment for women as they do for men. This audit study uses fictional applicants in the Chicago area to compare how employers in different fields respond to both white and Black women with and without criminal records. The author found no statistical difference between the four comparisons, which, they argue, supports the claim that gender is an important factor to consider when conducting research and creating policy regarding criminal records.


Galgano, Sarah Wittig. “Barriers to Reintegration: An Audit Study of the Impact of Race and Offender Status on Employment Opportunities for Women.” Social Thought and Research; Lawrence 30 (2009): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org.proxy.lib.umich.edu/10.17161/STR.1808.5699.

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The Afterlives of Conviction Project documents the human impact of criminal conviction and joins efforts to challenge the discriminatory use of criminal records.

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