top of page

Criminal History, Sex, and Employment: Sex Differences in Ex-Offender Hiring Stigma

The sex of the hiring official may impact the level of racial discrimination involved in hiring people with criminal records. This survey study of random online participants (not necessarily employers) indicates that females are more likely to hire Black men with criminal records over white men with criminal records, while the male participants responded conversely. Overall, the study found that anyone with a criminal record is still less likely to be hired compared to an applicant without a record.


Holloway, C. P., & Wiener, R. L. (2020). Criminal History, Sex, and Employment: Sex Differences in Ex-Offender Hiring Stigma. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy. https://doi.org/10.1111/asap.12192

Recent Posts

See All

Ban the Box, Convictions, and Public Employment

Ban the Box policies do not increase statistical discrimination towards Black men. Contrary to other recent studies, this analysis indicates BTB policies increase the likelihood of employment for form

Ban the Box and Perverse Consequences, Part I

Ban the Box laws are helpful for reducing discrimination against people with criminal records as a whole, while also working towards ending racial discrimination. Because recent research shows that

bottom of page