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Criminal Record Questions in the Era of “Ban the Box”: Criminal Record Questions

Updated: Sep 2

When it comes to questions about criminal records on job applications, there is very little consistency in how the question is asked and what information is being requested. This audit study also found evidence, although not statistically significant, that ban the box policies may lead to increased discrimination against Black men. The authors provide a host of policy suggestions, including stronger and clearer guidance on what employers should be asking for when it comes to criminal record information.


Vuolo, M., Lageson, S., & Uggen, C. (2017). Criminal Record Questions in the Era of “Ban the Box”: Criminal Record Questions. Criminology & Public Policy, 16(1), 139–165. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12250

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The Afterlives of Conviction Project documents the human impact of criminal conviction and joins efforts to challenge the discriminatory use of criminal records.

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