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The Expanding Scope, Use, and Availability of Criminal Records

The production and use of criminal records has increased dramatically in recent years. This article provides a thorough review of the growth of different types of criminal records and the various legislation that increased the use of criminal background checks over time, discussing how the three federal criminal record databases work with states and private institutions to provide increasing surveillance on people involved in the criminal legal system. The authors implore readers to continue searching for solutions to the social problem of discrimination based on criminal record in the face of ever-increasing use of background checks.


Jacobs, J., & Crepet, T. (2007). The Expanding Scope, Use, and Availability of Criminal Records. New York University Journal of Legislation and Public Policy, 11(2), 177–214. https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/nyulpp11&i=181

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The Afterlives of Conviction Project documents the human impact of criminal conviction and joins efforts to challenge the discriminatory use of criminal records.

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